Over the last fifty years, I have pursued primarily figurative sculpture through direct carving of wood and stone. I enjoy the feel and use of traditional hand tools and the processes of sculpting and finishing. My objective is to adapt an idea to the existing block of material in a way that is amusing, surprising, convincing, or at least, original. Shape and strength limitations of the block require continuous modification of the initial concept, especially for the local walnut and oak logs I favor. The results most closely resemble Expressionist interpretations of humans and animals. During carving, I also work toward a title that might guide the viewer to my intentions.